Internal combustion engine



Juy M, 1933. c. H. FUCHS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 25, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheel l Il@ I/ Juy H9 E933. c. H. FUCHS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 25, 1929 ATTORNEY Patented July 11, 1933 lUNl'l'ED ASTATES CAMILLE HENRI FUCHS, OF NElV ROCHELLE, NEW YORK INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application led June 25,

, This invention relates to improvements in Yinternal combustion engines or motors, and 'consists of an improved arrangement and operating relation of the cylinders, pistons and associated crank shaft, designed to give materially improved power production and particularly to eliminate the conditions causing back pressures or knocking of the motor at low speeds, and in addition stalling of the motor resulting therefrom. My improved motor accordingly is peculiarly adapted for improved operation under the low speed conditions of modern trai'iic.

The improved features of the present invention are moreover readily incorporated in motors of the standard 6 and 8 cylinder type as at present largely used, in addition to motors of other and greater cylinder number.

An important feature of the present invention'consists in modifying the head of the motor so as to provide a motor wherein the cylinder bores are united in pairs by a combustion chamber whereby the two pistons are operable in a single combustion chamber in conjunction with an improved piston and crank throw relation best designed for producing maximum compression at the interval of ignition to obtain a movement of the gases to improve the mixture of the explosive charge and to compound the pressure generated in. a manner to produce an effective propelling force with the elimination of the back pressure conditions at relatively low speeds vcommon to the conventional motor design.

The foregoing and other improved features and advantages of my present improvements will be more fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters are applied to the corresponding parts in the several views.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1, is a vertical cross sectional view of a motor embodying the features of the present invention, the section being taken at the left centrally through one cylinder bore and at the right through the next adjoining and associated cylinder bore;

Figure 2, is a central vertical longitudinal section through a portion of the motor showwater jacket' chamber 11 and at its under side Vpistons operating therein.

1929. Serial No. 373,618.

ing the associated and mutually operated piston arrangement; and

Figure 3, is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken on the line 3-8 of Figure 1 illustrating the valve arrangement.

In the approved design of motor construction Vembodying the features of the present invention, as here shown, 1 indicates an integrally cast multiple cylinder block having the usual series of vertical parallel and longitu dinally aligned cylinder bores 2, within which are iitted the usual pistons 3 connected by the piston rods to the cranks 5 of the crank shaft 6 ournaled in the usual bearings in the crank case 8.

The upper ends of the cylinder bores are closed by the usual integrally formed head block 10, secured to the upper surface of the motor block one, and formed with the usual with the combustion chambers 12. The'head block is further formed with the threaded openings 14C to the combustion chambers `to receive the spark plugs 15 for ignition of the fuel charge. The cylinder blocky 1, following the conventional arrangement Vis formed with the water jacket chamber 16 of the cooling system and with the intake and exhaust ports 17 and 18 associated with each cylinder bore. It is also provided with the usual valve seats 19 opened and closed by the usual valves 2O and 21, operated by cams 22, 23V on cam shaft 24; the cams engaging the usual tappets 26 in alignment with valve stems 27 which are provided with the collars 28 engaged by the usual valve return springs 29 in accordance with standard construction.

In accordance with the present invention, thevmotor is arranged to operate upon the four-stroke cycle principle, with the cylinder bores operatively united in pairs whereby two pistons (preferably adjoining) are operable in a single combustion chamber, and in the same cycle of operation. For this purpose the combustion chambers 12 associated with adjacent cylinder bores are connected by an opening or passage S0 to'form a single combustion chamber mutual to or communicating with a pair of the cylinder bores and the vboth high and low tion with respect to Ydouble ignition is In further accordance with the invention, the crank throw or relative angularity of the cranks associated with the mutually operated pistons of the unied combustion chamber, are arranged at slightly diilerent angles whereby one crank is advanced with relation to its associated crank at an angle of approximately degrees, with the result that when one piston is at the extreme ot its upward stroke, the associated piston of the mutual combustion chamber, will. be. slightly advanced on the downward stroke with relation thereto, and with the connecting `rod and crank out of toggle and in effective power transmitting position. Vilith the tim-V ing .of the ignition to occur at this t1me,.the

ignition ot' the fuel charge will taker-place at theinterval ot greatest compression with the compounded vforce generated within .f the united combustion chamber effective upon the advanced piston (at the right as-shown) throughout the intervalthat the associated piston is in dead center or toggle relation to its cra nk, l

As .a result of this improved arrangement the maximumpressures generated by the expansion ot the gases will be fully efectivetor propulsion, Ainitially acting upon the advance piston, and thereafter' upon both of the mutually associated pistons of the united chamber. The ignition is preferably timed to occur at the interval of greatest compression. and is accordingly fully effective at speeds to transinitthe generated power, and as aforesaid eliminating back pressures such as would tend tostall the motor.

Vhile the drawings illustrate the invena related pair ot cylinder bores and pistons, it will be understood that the. other of the cylinder bores and pistons oi any multi-cylinder motor are similarly united to operate in pairs by-a similar provision of mutually communicating combustion chambers and with a similar angular relation of the mutually acting cranks. A s is customary. the timing of the `ignition and .valve operating cams is such that each of the associated pairs of pistons will be operating at a diiferent stage ot the cycle with relation to another associated pair of pistons.

With .relation Vto each of the combustion chambers in the construction, as shown, provided although, will be readily understood, a single spark plug for each explosion chamber may be employed, if desired.

The improved structure as herein illustrated. is desirable as a simple modification ot the standard construction of overhead valve motor to embody the improved principle of operation of my invention in that it allows of converting the standard structure by simply employing a modified head with the re- 1 its propelling act-ion `ily be effectedquired changing of the timing of the valves and ignition, and the employment of a properly formed crank shaft designed to permit the pistons to be operated in pairs and in a corresponding stroke of the cycle.

l have accordingly provided an improved design and structural arrangement adapted in v ipc-zration to compound the explosive torce with a relative arrangement ot the pistons whereby such torce will be fully ei'ectivc in with the further advantage ot effecting the ignition at the interval ofmaximum 'compression without reducing obstructive back,pressures under conditions ot' bot-h high speed and low speed operation. ln addition thereto, there is Ya veryv 'desirable and yadvantageous movement of the compressed tuel which agitation orfturbulence communicates =the igniton more rapidly.

longs the V.time-interval of maximum compression whereby tlie ignition may more 'readtoy obtain the maximum propelling effect, and further bythe improved crank arrangement having can lannular diti" terence of not morethaii- 30 degrees allows for the explosion of the gas while the pistons are substantially at: the initial point of their powerstroke thereby avoiding objectionable overheating.

Vhile my improved :features r'are `here shown applied to an vautomobile enginefor motor ot the overhead valve'type, it'will be readily understood .that the same'prin'ciples vof construction are Ylikewise :applicable 'to sleeve valve type engines or rotary -valve'mo- `tors, and-that thestructure may be otherwise `modified without departing from tlie'invention, asdeiined in the appended claims. is accordingly a-limiting sense.

.Having described my invention, vI claim l. .A inulti-cylinder i bore .internal combustion engine adapted for operating on the four stroke cycle principle comprising a cylinder block having a plurality of equi-diameter cylinder bores, a head block portion formed' at LSU It, intended that all matter herein .shallbe interpreted as illustrative, vand'notin its under side with a combustion chamberV mutual to vand uniting a pair ot cylinder bores, pistons operatively fitted within the bores, a crank shaft suitably journalled, connecting rods from the pistons to the crank sliaft,said crank shaft having its cranks of equal throw and operatively .related to the mutually acting pistons in angular relation of not more than substantially thirty degrees, means operative to control the intake and eX- haust of the mutually connected cylinder bores and combustion chamber and means for igniting the explosive charge within the combustion chamber at the interval of highest compression and with the retarded crank at substantially its uppermost position whereby its associated crank will be angularly advanced substantially to a position out of toggle relation7 and said chamber being formed to have substantially the saine, operating combustion area related to each of the pistons. v

2. An internal combustion engine of the four stroke cycle type comprising a cylinder block having a plurality of equi-dia1neter cylinder bores, a head block portion formed at its under side with combustion chambers each of which is mutual to and unites a pair of cylinder bores and formed with horizontal upper chamber Walls overlying substantially the full cross-sectional area of the bores, a crank shaft suitably journalled, connecting rods from the pistons to the crank shaft, said crank shaft having its cranks of equal throw and operatively related to each combustion Chamber in angular relation of not more than substantially thirty degrees, said cylinder block being Jformed with intake and exhaust ports communicating With the combustion chambers, valves operative to open and close the intake and exhaust ports, means for operating the valves for four stroke cycle operation and means for igniting the explosive charge within the combustion chambers at the interval of highest compression and with the retarded cranks at substantially their upperinost position whereby the associated cranks will be angularly advanced substantially to a position out of toggle relation and said horizontal chamber Walls being spaced to have substantially the saine spaced relation to the upper surfaces of the pistons at the combustion interval.

Signed at New Rochelle in the county of lVestchester and State ofvNeW York this 4th day of June, A. D. 1929.

CAMILLE HENRI FUCHS. 

